Types of Diabetes
- Cause: Typically diagnosed in childhood, this type results from the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
- Treatment: Insulin injections or insulin pump therapy is necessary for managing blood sugar levels.
- Cause: Often linked to lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, this type involves insulin resistance, where the body’s cells do not respond effectively to insulin.
- Treatment: Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) and medications (oral or injectable) may be prescribed.
- Occurrence: Develops during pregnancy and may resolve after childbirth.
- Risk factors: Increased maternal age, family history of diabetes, and obesity.
- Management: Monitoring blood sugar levels, diet modification, and, in some cases, insulin therapy.
Impact on the human body
1. Cardiovascular system: Increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular complications.
2. Kidneys: Elevated blood sugar levels can lead to kidney damage and may result in kidney failure over time.
3. Nervous system: Nerve damage (neuropathy) can occur, leading to problems such as numbness, tingling, and pain, particularly in the extremities.
4. Eyes: Can cause retinopathy, potentially leading to vision problems and blindness if left unmanaged.
Who is susceptible to Diabetes?
- Genetic predisposition: A family history of diabetes increases the risk.
- Lifestyle factors: Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and obesity contribute to Type 2.
- Age: The risk increases with age, especially for Type 2.
- Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups have a higher predisposition.
Best practices for diabetes care
1. Regular monitoring: Regularly check blood sugar levels to ensure they are within the target range.
2. Healthy diet: Adopt a balanced and nutritious diet, focusing on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
3. Physical activity: Engage in regular exercise to improve insulin sensitivity and maintain a healthy weight.
4. Medication adherence: Take prescribed medications as directed by healthcare professionals.
5. Regular check-ups: Schedule regular check-ups with healthcare providers to monitor overall health and address any emerging issues promptly.
6. Stress management: Practice stress-reducing techniques such as meditation, deep breathing or yoga.
7. Education and support: Continuous education about diabetes and support from healthcare professionals, family, and friends is crucial for effective management.
In conclusion, understanding the different types of diabetes, their impact on the body, and adopting best practices for care is vital in managing this chronic condition. With proper education, lifestyle modifications, and support, individuals with diabetes can lead fulfilling lives while minimising the risks associated with the disease. Regular collaboration with healthcare providers is essential for developing personalised management plans and achieving long-term health goals.
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