What is Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness and occurs when the body’s core temperature exceeds 40°C / 104°F. It often results from prolonged exposure to high temperatures, particularly in combination with dehydration. Unlike heat exhaustion, it is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
Recognising the signs is essential for prompt intervention.
Common symptoms include:
- Hot, dry skin or profuse sweating
- Rapid and strong pulse
- Confusion or loss of consciousness
- Throbbing headache
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle cramps or weakness
First Aid Procedures for Heat Stroke
1. Call for emergency help: Dial emergency services immediately on 000 or 112 from a mobile phone.
2. Move to a cool place: Transfer the person to a shaded or air-conditioned area to lower their body temperature.
3. Remove excess clothing: Loosen or remove excess clothing to facilitate heat dissipation.
4. Cool the body: Use whatever means available to cool the person rapidly. Place them in a cool bath or shower, use a sponge or cloth soaked in cold water to cool the body, and apply ice packs to the armpits, groin, neck and back.
5. Encourage hydration: If the person is conscious and able to drink, provide cool water to help rehydrate.
6. Do not use alcohol: Avoid using alcohol to cool the person, as it can worsen dehydration.
7. Monitor vital signs: Keep an eye on the person’s breathing and consciousness. Be prepared to perform CPR if necessary.
How to Prevent Heat Stroke
1. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water, especially in hot weather or during physical activity.
2. Avoid strenuous activities in extreme heat: Limit outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day.
3. Wear appropriate clothing: Choose lightweight, loose-fitting, and light-coloured clothing to stay cool.
4. Take breaks in the shade: Rest in shaded areas periodically, especially during outdoor activities.
In conclusion, heat stroke is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention. By recognising the symptoms and taking swift action to cool the affected person, you can significantly improve their chances of recovery. Staying informed about preventative measures and promoting awareness within your community can contribute to a safer environment during periods of extreme heat.
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If you want to stay educated about heat stroke and further your training, we cover this in detail in our HLTAID013 – Provide first aid in remote or isolated site course and also touch on heat stroke in our first aid courses here.